A. The keynote of the policy.
· As a new country that gained independence from Pakistan with the help of India in 1971, it basically pursues a non-aligned neutral diplomatic line to maintain independence and secure foreign aid for economic development.
· Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who returned from Pakistan in 1972, declared that Bangladesh wants a friendly relationship with all countries and has no ill will with any countries because it is a small country, and has since settled down as a basic principle of Bangladesh's foreign policy.

B. Basic principles of foreign policy (Article 25 of the Constitution)
· Based on the principle of national sovereignty and equality, the principle of nonintervention in domestic affairs of other countries, the peaceful resolution of international disputes, the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of compliance with international law,
· Under these principles, the government is committed to giving up the use of force in international relations and to reduce overall and complete arms control.
· The government supports the right of all citizens to choose their own political, social, and economic systems by free choice.
· The government supports the legitimate struggle of citizens oppressed by the world against imperialism, colonialism and racism.
· The government strives to maintain and strengthen the formation of brotherly relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic solidarity.

A. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
· 1980. President Ziaur Rahman proposed holding a summit in May for consultations on regional cooperation, and led the creation of the organization by holding the first summit in Bangladesh in December 1985.
- The 7th Summit in 1993 and the 13th Summit in 2005 will also be held in Dhaka.
· We are actively participating in SAARC to explore the path of becoming a small country in geopolitical and economic structure

SAARC Overview
- Year of establishment: 12/85. / Secretariat: Cardmandu, Nepal
- Member States: 8 countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan)
- a coalition of a kind of regional security color, aimed at strengthening the mutual understanding and neighborly cooperation of the Allies for peace, freedom, social justice and prosperity.
- There is little possibility of development as a regional united body like the EU due to border and diplomatic disputes with India, Bangladesh, India-Pakistan, and political unrest in Nepal, but the possibility of development as a regional economic cooperation body remains.
- The 19th summit, scheduled for November 2016, was canceled due to the India-Pakistan conflict (2016.9), which resulted in the absence of India, Bangladesh and Bhutan.
- Korea joined as Observer in August 2006.

B. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation (BIMSTEC)
· Southwest Asia (Banglia, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka), located in Bengal Bay, and Southeast Asia (Miyanma, Thailand) were established in 1997 by Thailand as economic and trade cooperation bodies.
- Permanent secretariat located in Bangladesh
· 2. 8. Six countries, excluding Bangladesh, signed a basic agreement in Thailand and agreed to sign an FTA by 2017, but negotiations have been underway so far in May 2019.
- Bangladesh is demanding compensation for the poorest developing countries due to market opening.
· As the role of SAARC has been low since 2016 due to the deterioration of India-Pakistan relations, Bangladesh is expected to promote the role of BIMSTEC, which has low political sensitivity and similar significance to SAARC's purpose.
- Bangladesh expects to strengthen cooperation in trade, investment, environmental and climate change, energy and trade through this partnership

A. Inter-India relations
· India was the biggest supporter of Bangladesh's Revolutionary War in 1971, and established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh by signing the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace.
· The two countries, which share a 4,600-kilometer border, have been at odds with Britain over issues such as the territorial and territorial issues, water resources sharing, and island ownership issues that occurred during the liberation of the colonies, but the conflict has gradually eased recently.
· However, there are still pending issues such as the Tista River Dispute, Bangladesh's stay in India, anti-government forces and terrorist camps within the borders of the other countries, and smuggling of Indian goods.
· During Prime Minister Modi's visit to Bangladesh in 2015, the prime ministers of the two countries assessed that bilateral relations have entered a new phase, and concluded a total of 22 agreements and MOUs to strengthen economic cooperation, connectivity and security cooperation between the two countries.
- Formalize the transportation of goods through the passage of mutual territory through the renewal of bilateral trade agreement and focus on expanding interconnection through the coastal shipping agreement, the inland waterway passage protocol, and the launch of new bus routes.
- India promises $2 billion in additional loans, Bangladesh promises to set up a special economic zone for India.
· During Prime Minister Hasina's visit to India in 2017, the two sides signed a total of 36 agreements and issued 62 joint declarations.
- MOUs on the provision of $4.5 billion in loans and $500 million in defense procurement, agreements on cooperation in power imports and LNG from the Indian government and private sector, and a three-party agreement on the construction of a nuclear power plant in Bangladesh.

B. relations of Great Pakistan.
· Since independence in 1971, Pakistan has maintained an uncomfortable relationship with Pakistan, but in April 1974, the first president of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, visited Pakistan during the OIC summit due to pressure from China and other countries to reconcile, during which Pakistan approved Bangladesh as a country and established diplomatic relations between the two countries.
- In July 1974, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto visited Bangladesh and paid tribute at the War Memorial of Savar.
· Starting with reconciliation under President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1974, relations have improved considerably under Ziaur Rahman (1977-81) and Hosain Mohammmed Ershad (1983-90).
- Bangladesh has a poor perception of Pakistan due to the Revolutionary War (assumed by the state's estimated 3 million deaths), but high-level officials, including President Ziaur Rahman and President Ershad, and senior military officials are from the Pakistani Army and maintain friendly relations between traditional military authorities.
- Later in 1989, Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto made an official visit to Bangladesh in July, normalizing bilateral relations and promoting bilateral exchanges.
· Bangladesh acknowledged war crimes committed in 1971 and officially requested an apology from Pakistan. After independence, tensions continued over the handling of war criminals.
- During President Musharraf's visit to Bangladesh in July 2002, he expressed regret over the issue of the massacre of the Revolutionary War and agreed to continue consultations on the repatriation of some 200,000 Pakistani refugees and the allocation of assets worth $4.5 billion to Bangladesh after the Revolutionary War.
- A small number of Pakistani lawmakers in January 2012 to submit a resolution proposing an official apology to Bangladesh for the 1971 Revolutionary War.
- On the other hand, the Awami Federation government began to punish war criminals through the establishment of the International Criminal Court in the host country (2012), and the relationship between the two countries deteriorated again in December 2013 when pro-Pakistani opposition leaders were hanged.
※ At the time, the House of Representatives and the Punjab state council issued a statement condemning the death penalty, and Pakistan's Interior Minister expressed the loss of a leader with "loyalty to Pakistan."
The Bangladesh government summoned the Pakistani ambassador to protest, and Bangladesh citizens held protests in front of the Pakistani Embassy.
· In January 2015, Bangladesh ordered the Pakistani diplomat in Dhaka to leave the country on charges of distributing illegal Indian currency and supporting terrorist organizations, and in December of the same year, the Pakistani diplomat was additionally ordered to leave the country on charges of funding the Bangladesh terrorist organization.
- In response to this, Pakistan left Bangladesh's diplomat in Pakistan in January 2016 on charges of anti-state activities.

C. The relationship between the United States and the United States.
· Myanmar and Bangladesh are always at risk of conflict due to arbitrarily established borders when they were independent from Britain
- Bengal Rohingya (Islamic) who have intimacy with Bangladesh have come to reside within Myanmar's territory, while Mongolian minorities ( Buddhists) who have intimacy with Myanmar live within Bangladesh.
· Friction between the two countries occurred as more than 250,000 Rohingya refugees were evacuated to Bangladesh in 1991-92 due to the Myanmar government's policy of discrimination against ethnic minorities.
- In April 1992, Myanmar's Foreign Minister U Ohn Gyaw visited Bangladesh to set the stage for the extradition agreement.
· With the UNHCR's active involvement, 1973,397 refugees were repatriated in April 1996, but 20,000 refugees remained in Bangladesh.
- 5/12/1993/MOU between the Bangladesh government and the UNHCR/1993/11/5 Myanmar government/UNHCR
· 2002 Through Myanmar Prime Minister Than Shwe's official visit to Bangladesh in December, the two countries have reorganized the institutional foundation for economic revitalization between the two countries, including the construction of a road between Dhaka and Yangon.
· After the Rohingya rebel (ARSA) attack on a military police post in Rakain state (2017.85), about 700,000 Rohingya refugees flowed into the Cox's Bazar region of Bangladesh, and as of May 2019, about 1 million Rohingya refugees were living in temporary camps.
- The host country has agreed on a repatriation-related agreement with Myanmar with the goal of early repatriation of the refugees through bilateral negotiations (2017.11.23), and it is unclear when the repatriation will take place.

A. U.S. relations
· During the 1971 Bangladesh War, the U.S. administration secretly provided arms to Pakistan despite the U.S. Congress' decision to ban weapons against Pakistan, and sent an aircraft carrier to the Bay of Bengal in 1971-12, supporting its ally Pakistan.
- At the time, the U.S. Consulate General in Haddadka reported in detail the Pakistani military's atrocities in Dhaka and opposed the Nixon administration's decision to support Pakistan, which was also published in a book titled The Blood Telegram.
- Since the withdrawal of Indian troops from Bangladesh in March 1972, it has approved Bangladesh as a state, and bilateral relations have developed rapidly since President Ziaur Rahman took office.
· The U.S. has valued India and Pakistan as a force to maintain stability in the southwestern region, but as a moderate Islamic country, it has positively evaluated Bangladesh's sincere democratic development, contribution to regional stability, and support for the anti-terrorism war in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks.
- The U.S. is wary of expanding Islamic fundamentalist forces' influence in Bangladesh, while expanding its anti-terrorism cooperation with Bangladesh.
· Bangladesh advocates a non-aligned neutral stance, but it places great importance on relations with the United States, considering economic relations, etc.
- The U.S. is Bangladesh's second-largest direct investor after the U.K. on a cumulative basis, focusing primarily on energy and electricity.
- The U.S. is a major development cooperation partner in Bangladesh, providing more than $6 billion in aid since 1972 including space research and construction of a remote sensing device (SPARRSO) and TRIGA research reactor.

B. Relations with China
· During the Bangladesh War of Independence, China supported Pakistan, and even after independence, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, it opposed Bangladesh's entry into the UN until 1974.
· After the 1975 military coup and regime change, Bangladesh distanced itself from India and the Soviet Union, establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in October 1975 and maintaining friendly relations since then.
- China has been expanding its influence by providing free aid and loans, and the two countries are seeking to promote ties through active exchanges of high-ranking officials, exchange visits of military envoys, and increased economic cooperation and cultural exchanges.
· In October 2016, Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Bangladesh to upgrade bilateral relations to a "strategic cooperative partnership" in a joint statement, and Bangladesh agreed to support China in issues related to China's core interests.
- Bangladesh agrees that China's one-on-one policy can bring significant opportunities to achieve Bangladesh's vision of economic development.
- China agreed to provide $24.4 billion in loans (27 MOUs, 34 projects), while Bangladesh signed 13 joint venture agreements to attract $13.6 billion in Chinese investment.
· Bangladesh, under the absolute influence of India, intends to balance with India politically and diplomatically through China's massive economic assistance and to secure more economic support from both countries by utilizing regional rivalry between India and China.

C. Japan relations
· Japan established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh in 1972. In October 1973, then Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman visited Japan and in 1975 the Crown Prince and his wife visited Bangladesh, and developed friendly relations from the beginning of diplomatic relations.
- In October 1977, the hijacked Japanese aircraft landed in Dhaka, and Japanese passengers were released safely, setting the stage for the development of bilateral relations.
· Japan is a traditional major donor, providing more than $13 billion in aid since 1972, the largest donor to Bangladesh since 2012
- The Bay of Bengal Industrial Growth Belt is being promoted to develop an industrial base in the Bay of Bengal.
- Bangladesh is Japan's second-largest recipient of ODA, with $1.8 billion in official development assistance (ODA) from Japan in 2018 alone.
· In 2014, Prime Minister Hasina visited Japan in May, and in September, Japanese Prime Minister Abe visited Bangladesh to strengthen bilateral relations.
- The two countries agreed to strengthen future cooperation within the framework of a comprehensive partnership, and Abe announced $6 billion in additional assistance in the future.
- Bangladesh resigned as a candidate for a non-permanent member of the Security Council, announced its support for Japan, and announced plans to provide Japan with an export processing zone (EPZ).
· The two leaders met twice in 2015 (April, September) and twice in 2016 (May, July) and Prime Minister Hasina visited Japan to hold summit talks in May 2019.

D. Russia relations
· The Soviet Union supported Bangladesh as an ally of India during the Bangladesh War of Independence in 1971, and established diplomatic relations immediately after Bangladesh's independence.
- President Mujibur Rahman visited the Soviet Union in 1972, and the Soviet Union sent its navy to remove mines and sunken ships installed in the Bay of Bengal during the Revolutionary War.
· After Ziaur Rahman took office, relations between the two countries began to cool down following pro-U.S., pro-China, and pro-Islamic foreign policies.
- Bangladesh opposes the Soviet Union's support of the invasion of Cambodia and its military intervention in Afghanistan.
- The Ershad regime presented evidence that the Soviet Embassy in Takaju was involved in anti-government activities in December 1983 and ordered nine Soviet diplomats to leave the country.
- However, in June 1984, the activities of cultural centers and consulates were resumed to improve small- and medium-sized relations.
· In 2013, Prime Minister Hasina officially visited Russia for the first time in 40 years and held a summit with President Putin and agreed on three intergovernmental agreements and six MOUs (in nuclear, munitions, agriculture, education, health, culture, and counterterrorism cooperation)
· Russia has focused on energy sector cooperation with Bangladesh since the 1970s, including the construction of Ghorasal and Sidghirganj power plants.
- November 2011. The two countries signed an agreement in Dhaka on the construction of the Rooppur nuclear power plant, Bangladesh's first nuclear power plant.
- Russia will provide 90 percent of the cost of building power plants ($126.5 billion in total), and Russia's ROSATOM will build and operate nuclear power plants, and take spent fuel to Russia.

E. Great Britain relations.
· 1972 First President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman visited Britain on his return to Bangladesh after being released from prison in Pakistan in January and held talks with British Prime Minister Edward Heath.
· Britain has long maintained its status as the largest direct investor in Bangladesh (recently second only to China) and has provided significant development assistance.
- The UK's International Development Agency (DFID) aid for 2018 is approximately $220 million.
· There are about 500,000 ethnic Koreans living in Bangladesh in the UK, and three people, including Prime Minister Hasina's nephew, Tulip Sidiq, are serving as British MPs.

A. Status of overseas diplomatic missions in Bangladesh
· Large company: 57
- Africa (9), Americas (4), Europe (16), East Asia (4), Southwest Asia (6), Southeast Asia (8), Middle East (10).
· Consulate General: 17
- Americas (3), East Asia (2), Europe (4), Southwest Asia (5), Southeast Asia (1) and the Middle East (2).
· Mission to International Organizations: 2 (New York, Geneva)

B. State Bangladesh Foreign Legation
· Embassy: 47 (Sangju)
· Consulate General: 1 (Sangju)
· International Organizations: 25 (UNDP, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNFPA, WHO, ILO, WFP, IMF, FAO, ADB, CIRDAP, ICDDR, WB, ICRC, IFRC, IFDC, IJSG, IOM, IUT, PPD, UNESCO, UNIC, BIMSTEC, IRKDN)