A. Form: Cabinet Responsibility System
B. Cabinet.
· The final decision-making body of the entire government with the prime minister as the head of the government
· Formation of the current (the 20th) Cabinet
- Prime Minister, Minister (24), Ministerial Advisor (7), Secretary of State (19), Deputy Minister (3).
- The prime minister and more than 90 percent of Cabinet members need to hold parliamentary seats.
· Appointment
- The president of the majority party in parliament becomes prime minister, and the president nominates prime minister in formality.
- Other members of the Cabinet were appointed by the president at the recommendation of the prime minister.
C. President.
· The President plays a formal and ceremonial role as head of state
· Since it is elected by a public vote in the National Assembly, only the ruling party often nominates candidates and is elected by non-voting.
· Five-year term of office can be reappointed only once, and impeachment can be made with the approval of two-thirds of all incumbent lawmakers.
D. administrative factor
· President: Md. Abdul Hamid (in office on March 24, 2013; second term on April 24, 2018)
· Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina (in his fourth term as prime minister in 1999, 2009, 2014 and 2019)
· Foreign Minister: AK Abdul Mom (January 30, 2019)

A. The unicameral parliament.
· Name: Jatiya Sangsad (meaning National Parliaments in Bengal language)
· Number of seats and term of office: 350 seats in total and 5 years in office (no restriction on reappointment)
- Small electoral districts (300 nationwide districts) and elected through ordinary, direct, equal and secret elections
- Allot 50 proportional representation seats allocated to women according to the ratio of election to constituencies by political parties
· National Assembly Speaker and Vice Speaker
- Speaker of the National Assembly: Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury (2013.4.30. Inauguration, 2014.1.29, reappointed, 2019.1.30.

- Vice Chairman: Fazle Rabbi Miah (2014.1.29 Inauguration, 2019.1.30. In office)

· the right to run for election
- Under Article 66 of the Constitution, citizens aged 25 or older are given the right to run for parliamentary seats.
- Bangladesh recognizes dual citizenship, but lawmakers disapprove of dual citizenship.
- Those who have served more than two years within five years of the election date cannot be elected to the National Assembly.
- In accordance with Article 71 of the Constitution, one or more constituencies can be registered as candidates, but if elected in multiple constituencies, select one constituency.

· Loss of parliamentary seat
- Loss of parliamentary seat if he fails to attend the session for more than 90 consecutive days pursuant to Article 67 of the Republic of Korea
- Loss of parliamentary seat if he leaves his party, votes against the party platform of his party, or abstains or does not attend in accordance with the instructions of his party pursuant to Article 70 of the Constitution.

· Privileges and exemptions
- In accordance with Article 78 of the Constitution, lawmakers enjoy immunity from remarks, acts and voting activities made during the National Assembly session.
- In accordance with Article 46 of the Constitution, amnesty can be granted to those who served for the country, and therefore the Second Congress approves the injunctions granted to the assassins of the first president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

B. Legislative proceedings
· Bangladesh's legislation can be enacted by the government or by the National Assembly.
· Legislation process
- draft legislation by lawmakers or government departments → Conducting the first reading in parliament (introduction of the bill) → Publish the bill in the official gazette → Conducting a second reading in parliament (review of the standing committee or special committee, decide whether to collect public opinion) → Review the basic principles of the bill → Report the results to the plenary session → Review of the committee after discussion on the results of the committee (3rd reading).
- Passing the bill with a majority of the members present (two-thirds of all incumbent lawmakers in the case of constitutional amendments) → Submit the passed bill to the president
- (President's consent within 15 days) promulgated by law after posting it in the official gazette (if the consent/review is not decided within 15 days, it shall be deemed to be consented)
- (Order to re-examine the president within 15 days) Submit the amendment to the president with the approval of a majority of those present after a parliamentary review → The president decides whether to agree within 7 days → Publish the official gazette and promulgate it into law

A. Summary
· 1975. The Fourth Amendment in January adopted a single party system, and only one party of the Workers' and Peasants' Awami League (BAKSAL), organized by President S. Mujibur Rahman, existed, but after the liberalization of political activities in November 1983, numerous political parties have been converging.
· Dozens of political parties exist, but in reality, the formation of a political landscape centered on two major political parties, the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.
· Allocate some seats to minor parties that participated in the general election through a coalition with the Awami League and Bangladesh Nationalist Party
- Grand Alliance: A coalition of 14 political parties formed in 2008 centering on the Awami League, and eight political parties participated in the 11th general elections in 2018.
- Jatiya Oikya Front: A coalition of opposition parties formed around Bangladesh's Nationalist Party ahead of the 11th general elections, involving 13 political parties in the 11th general elections.
- Left Democratic Alliance: A coalition of progressive parties, including the Communist Party of Bangladesh and the Revolutionary Workers' Party, participated in the 11th general election.



B. Major Party
· Bangladesh Awami League (AL: Awami League)
- Per window: 1949.6.23.
- Party number: current Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
- As the oldest political party in Bangladesh, it was founded during East Pakistan and led the independence movement in Bangladesh.
- originally advocated secularism and social democracy, but recently, he has taken a conciliatory stance toward Islamic hard-liners.
- The party constitution defines democracy, socialism, secularism, and nationalism as the basic principles of political parties, and is pushing ahead with the announcement of the Vision 2021 (Vision 2021) and Digital Bangladesh's platform to enter small and medium-sized countries by 2021 in the 2008 general elections.
- He was in power until January 1975, when he won the general elections in March. He won four general elections (1996, 2008, 2014 and 2018) since democratization in 1990.

· Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)
- Changdang: 1978.9.1. (created by President Ziaur Rahman)
- Party number: Begum Khaleda Zia (the wife of President Ziaur Rahman)
-- Islamic conservatism, with Bangladesh nationalism at the center, and with the Awami League, it bisects Bangladesh politics.
- After democratization in 1990, he won two general elections (1991 and 2001), but his power has weakened since he failed to participate in the 2014 general elections due to dissatisfaction with the formation of a caretaker government during the election.
- 2. Zia has been campaigning for the release of Zia's first man since Zia was sentenced to five years in prison for the Zia Orphanage Trust Graft Case.
※ In February 18, the president of Zia was sentenced to five years in prison for embezzlement of trust funds at Zia orphanage, and in October 18, he was sentenced to seven more years in prison for embezzlement of trust funds from Zia. In the same month, a court ruled that the Bangladesh Anti-Corruption Commission extended a five-year sentence to 10 years for embezzlement of trust funds at orphanages.

· National Party (Jatiya Party)
- Changdang: 1986 (founded by President H.M. Ershad)
- Party number: Former President H.M. Ershad
- After the fall and democratization of the Ershad dictatorship in 1990, it was reduced to the second opposition party in general elections in February 1991, June 1996, and October 2001.
- They belong to the same coalition as the Awami League, but with Bangladesh Nationalist Party absent in the general election, the number of opposition parties on the floor has increased.
- In the 2018.12.30, he won the second largest number of parliamentary seats after the Awami League and is serving as an opposition party in the National Assembly.

A. Local Administrative Organization
· Local administrative districts are classified as Division corresponding to our province, District corresponding to City or County, Upazila corresponding to Eup and Ri.
· Currently, it consists of 8 divisions (Dhaka / Rajshahi / Rangpur / Barital / Chittagong) / Sylate / Khulna / Mymensingh) and 64
· Chief Executive Officer of Division, District, Upazila
- Division is Division Commissioner (vice-ministerial level), District is Deputy Commissioner (vice-level level), and Upazila is a UNO (Upazila Nirbahi Officer, section chief) appointed as the administrative chief executive officer.

B. Local elections
· Dhaka (South/North), Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshai, Barreal, Rangpur, Cumila (Comilla), Mymensh, Gazipur and other big cities hold five-year mayoral elections.
· Upazila's local council consists of a chairperson, a vice speaker, and a female vice speaker and is elected by direct election.
· 2019.3.10.~6.18 days of local elections in Upazila
- Election date: March 10, March 18, March 24, March 31, June 18.
- Elected personnel: One chairman of each Uppazila party, one vice speaker and one female vice speaker
- Unique: It is the first time since the local elections that political parties have been able to nominate candidates for the same election, and several opposition parties, including the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Democratic Left Alliance (LDA), are boycotting the elections because they fear they will not be free and fair.
- Election Result: The Awami Federation won 320 of the 451 seats, with 127 independent candidates and 3 from the Jatiya Party. Most of the vice speakers and female vice speakers are also members of the Awami Federation or candidates supported by the Awami Federation.
- Voter turnout: Very low in the early 405s, and in some polling stations the turnout is less than 20%.
- During the four oaths, elections were suspended or casualties occurred at multiple polling stations due to political violence, including clashes between ruling party candidates and opposition forces.

A. Legal system
· Common law is a big part of British colonial rule

B. Structure
· Supreme Court (Superme Court)
- Located in the capital, Dhaka, it is composed of Appellate Division and High Court Division.
- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Appeals Court and Appeals Court Judge appointed by the President (67 years of retirement age) following prior consultation with the Prime Minister.
- The number of Supreme Court judges can be appointed as necessary by the president (six judges including the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in June 2017 and 86 judges of the Court of Appeals in June 2017).

· Civil court
- Categorized into five stages according to the value of the lawsuit (District Jude Court, Additional District Jude Court, Joint District Jude Court, Senior Assistant District Jude Court, Assistant Jude Court)

· Criminal Court
- Divided into the Sessions Court chaired by the judge and the Magistrate Court presided over by the magistrate.
- The magistrate's court has a maximum sentence of five years and fines of about 10,000 taka (about 119 unpaid)
- 3 criminal courts and 4 security courts are established in each metropolitan and provincial area.

· Special court
- Administrative and labor courts, Court of Appeals of Income Tax, Court of Loan, Court of Bankruptcy, etc. set up